Formative Test M2 LA1 Modul 2 Learning Activity 1 Descriptive Text

Indonesia

(1) Indonesia officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia is a unitary, transcontinental sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than thirteen thousand islands. At 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles), Indonesia is the world's 14th largest country in terms of land area and the 7th largest in terms of combined sea and land area.With over 261 million people, it is the world's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Austronesian and Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, contains more than half of the country's population.

(2) Indonesia's republican form of government includes an elected parliament and president. Indonesia has 34 provinces, of which five have Special status. Its capital is Jakarta, which is the second most populous urban area in the world. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia. Other neighbouring countries include Singapore, Vietnam, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity. The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Agriculture mainly produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices and rubber. Indonesia's major trading partners are China, United States, Japan, Singapore and India.

(3) The Indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with Chinese dynasties and Indian kingdoms. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders and Sufi scholars brought Islam, while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following a period of Dutch colonialism starting from Amboina and Batavia, and eventually all of the archipelago including Timor and Western New Guinea, at times interrupted by Portuguese, French and British rule, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II.

(4) Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups, with the largest—and politically dominant—ethnic group being the Javanese. A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. Indonesia's economy is the world's 16th largest by nominal GDP and the 7th largest by GDP at PPP. Indonesia is a member of several multilateral organisations, including the UN,WTO, IMF and G20. It is also a founding member of Non-Aligned Movement, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, East Asia Summit, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

2. The countries which directly border Indonesia are …

a.                  Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Australia

b.                  East Timor, Palau, India's Andaman, and Nicobar Islands

c.                   Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia

d.                  Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the Philippines

7. The following sentences are correct, except …

a.                  Indonesia produces tin, copper, cacao, and spices

b.                  Indonesia produces oil, natural gas, medical plants, and coffee

c.                   Indonesia produces oil, gold, rice, and palm oil

d.                  Indonesia produces tin, nickel, rice, and tea

9. The word 'articulates' in the last paragraph means …

a.                  expresses

b.                  associates

c.                   unifies

d.                  modifies

8. The word 'flourished' in the third paragraph means …

a.                  developed

b.                  associated

c.                   colonized

d.                  invented

4. Indonesian identity is developed by …

a.                  The Muslim-majority power

b.                  The Association of Southeast Asian Nations

c.                   The Non-Aligned Movement

d.                  The motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika

6. The word 'it' in the first paragraph refers to …

a.                  Java

b.                  Island country

c.                   Indonesia

d.                  Muslim-majority country

3. The most populous part of Indonesia is …

a.                  Sulawesi

b.                  Java

c.                   Kalimantan

d.                  Sumatra

5. Historically, foreign powers fought for their influence each other in Indonesia due to …

a.                  the beautiful women of the country

b.                  the natural beauty of the country

c.                   the beautiful seas of the country

d.                  the natural sources of the country

1. The word 'which' in line 2 of the second paragraph refers to …

a.                  President

b.                  Indonesia

c.                   Parliament

d.                  Provinces

10. 'Despite its large population and densely populated regions' in the second paragraph has the same meaning as …

a.                  Even though its large population and densely populated regions

b.                  As though its large population and densely populated regions

c.                   In spite of its population is large and its regions are densely populated

d.                  Although its population is large and its regions are densely populated